Gabatarwa zuwa Kafofin Watsa Labarai na Al'adu na gama-gari (I)
Matsakaicin al'ada wani nau'i ne na matrix na gina jiki mai gauraye wanda aka shirya ta hanyar wucin gadi daga abubuwa daban-daban bisa ga buƙatun ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban, waɗanda ake amfani da su don al'ada ko raba ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban.Saboda haka, matrix na gina jiki ya kamata ya ƙunshi abubuwan gina jiki (ciki har da tushen carbon, tushen nitrogen, makamashi, gishiri maras kyau, abubuwan girma) da ruwa wanda ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta za su iya amfani da su.Dangane da nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma manufar gwaji, akwai nau'o'in nau'i daban-daban da hanyoyin shirye-shiryen kafofin watsa labaru na al'adu.
An gabatar da wasu kafofin watsa labaru na gama gari a cikin gwajin kamar haka:
Matsakaicin agar abinci:
Ana amfani da matsakaici na agar na gina jiki don yadawa da al'adar ƙwayoyin cuta na yau da kullum, don ƙayyade yawan adadin ƙwayoyin cuta, adana nau'in kwayoyin cuta da kuma al'ada mai tsabta.Babban sinadaran sune: tsantsar naman sa, cire yisti, peptone, sodium chloride, agar foda, ruwa mai narkewa.Peptone da foda na naman sa suna samar da nitrogen, bitamin, amino acid da kuma tushen carbon, sodium chloride na iya kula da ma'auni na osmotic matsa lamba, kuma agar shine coagulant na matsakaicin al'ada.
Agar abinci mai gina jiki shine mafi mahimmancin nau'in matsakaicin al'adu, wanda ya ƙunshi yawancin abubuwan gina jiki da ake buƙata don haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta.Ana iya amfani da agar abinci mai gina jiki don al'adun ƙwayoyin cuta na yau da kullun.
Matsakaicin agar jini:
Matsakaicin agar jini wani nau'in naman sa ne da ake cire peptone matsakaici mai ɗauke da jinin dabba mai nakasa (jini na zomo gaba ɗaya ko jinin tumaki).Saboda haka, baya ga nau'ikan sinadirai da ake buƙata don noman ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma yana iya samar da coenzyme (kamar factor V), heme (factor X) da sauran abubuwan haɓaka na musamman.Sabili da haka, ana amfani da matsakaicin al'adar jini sau da yawa don noma, ware da kuma adana wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke buƙatar abinci mai gina jiki.
Bugu da ƙari, yawanci ana amfani da agar jini don gwajin haemolysis.A lokacin tsarin girma, wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da hemolysin don karya da kuma narkar da jajayen ƙwayoyin jini.Lokacin da suka girma a kan farantin jini, ana iya lura da zoben hemolytic na fili ko translucent a kusa da mulkin mallaka.Halin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa yana da alaƙa da halayen hemolytic.Domin hemolysin da kwayoyin cuta daban-daban ke samarwa ya sha bamban, karfin hemolytic shima ya sha bamban, kuma yanayin haemolysis da ke jikin farantin jini shima ya sha bamban.Don haka, ana amfani da gwajin haemolysis sau da yawa don gano ƙwayoyin cuta.
Matsakaici na TCBS:
TCBS shine thiosulfate citrate bile gishiri sucrose agar matsakaici.Don keɓancewar zaɓi na pathogenic vibrio.Ana amfani da Peptone da cire yisti azaman kayan abinci na asali a cikin al'adun gargajiya don samar da tushen nitrogen, tushen carbon, bitamin da sauran abubuwan haɓaka da ake buƙata don haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta;Babban taro na sodium chloride zai iya saduwa da bukatun halophilic girma na vibrio;Sucrose a matsayin tushen carbon fermentable;Sodium citrate, high pH alkaline yanayi da sodium thiosulfate hana ci gaban na hanji kwayoyin.Shanu bile foda da sodium thiosulfate sun fi hana ci gaban kwayoyin cutar gram-tabbatacce.Bugu da ƙari, sodium thiosulfate kuma yana samar da tushen sulfur.A gaban ferric citrate, hydrogen sulfide za a iya gano ta kwayoyin.Idan akwai hydrogen sulfide da ke samar da kwayoyin cuta, za a haifar da baƙar fata a kan farantin;Alamomin matsakaici na TCBS sune bromocresol blue da blue thymol, waxanda suke alamomin tushe na acid.Bromocresol blue alama ce ta tushen acid tare da canjin pH na 3.8 (rawaya) zuwa 5.4 (blue-kore).Akwai nau'i-nau'i iri biyu: (1) kewayon acid shine pH 1.2 ~ 2.8, yana canzawa daga rawaya zuwa ja;(2) Matsayin alkali shine pH 8.0 ~ 9.6, yana canzawa daga rawaya zuwa shuɗi.
TSA cuku waken soya peptone agar matsakaici:
Abun da ke ciki na TSA yayi kama da na agar mai gina jiki.A cikin ma'auni na ƙasa, yawanci ana amfani da shi don gwada ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ɗakuna masu tsabta (yankuna) na masana'antar harhada magunguna.Zaɓi wurin gwaji a wurin da za a gwada, buɗe farantin TSA kuma sanya shi a wurin gwaji.Za a ɗauki samfurori lokacin da aka fallasa su sama da minti 30 na lokuta daban-daban, sa'an nan kuma a tsara su don ƙidayar mulkin mallaka.Matakan tsabta daban-daban suna buƙatar ƙididdige ƙididdiga na mallaka daban-daban.
Mueller Hinton:
MH matsakaici matsakaici ne na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ake amfani da su don gano juriyar ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa maganin rigakafi.Matsakaici ce mara zaɓi wacce yawancin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta zasu iya girma akan su.Bugu da ƙari, sitaci da ke cikin sinadaran na iya ɗaukar gubar da ƙwayoyin cuta ke fitarwa, don haka ba zai shafi sakamakon aikin ƙwayoyin cuta ba.Abun da ke tattare da matsakaicin MH yana da ƙarancin sako-sako, wanda ke da tasiri ga yaduwar maganin rigakafi, ta yadda zai iya nuna yankin hana ci gaba a fili.A cikin masana'antar kiwon lafiya ta kasar Sin, ana kuma amfani da matsakaicin MH don gwajin karfin muggan kwayoyi.Lokacin gudanar da gwajin jiyya na miyagun ƙwayoyi don wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na musamman, kamar Streptococcus pneumoniae, 5% jinin tumaki da NAD ana iya ƙara su zuwa matsakaici don biyan buƙatun abinci daban-daban.
SS agarin:
Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da SS agar don keɓewa da al'adun Salmonella da Shigella.Yana hana kwayoyin cutar gram-tabbatacce, mafi yawan coliforms da proteus, amma baya shafar ci gaban salmonella;Sodium thiosulfate da ferric citrate ana amfani da su don gano ƙarni na hydrogen sulfide, sa cibiyar mulkin mallaka baƙar fata;Jan tsaka tsaki shine alamar pH.Acid ɗin da ke samar da mulkin mallaka na sukari mai haƙori ja ne, kuma yankin da ba shi da launi.Salmonella ba shi da launi kuma mai gaskiya tare da ko ba tare da cibiyar baƙar fata ba, kuma Shigella ba shi da launi kuma mai gaskiya.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-04-2023